New LTL Freight Class Rules and What Shippers Must Know

Did you know that nearly 70% of freight shipments in the U.S. are classified as Less Than Truckload (LTL)? As shippers navigate the complexities of LTL Freight Class Rules, understanding the nuances can significantly impact their logistics strategy and bottom line. This article will delve into the recent changes in LTL classification, explaining why these rules matter and how they affect shipping costs and service efficiency. By the end, you'll be equipped with the essential knowledge to optimize your shipping operations and avoid common pitfalls.

Major Overhaul of LTL Freight Classification

Significant alterations to the classification of less-than-truckload (LTL) freight will be implemented on Saturday, following a comprehensive overhaul of the National Motor Freight Traffic Association’s (NMFTA) long-standing classification framework.

After extensive months of internal revisions, public consultations, and input from stakeholders in the industry, the nonprofit organization has introduced a streamlined version of its nearly century-old National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system. The updated guidelines aim to transition the LTL sector towards a density-focused method of freight classification that more accurately reflects shipping costs.

“The LTL carriers are eager for the full effects of these NMFC modifications to resonate with both themselves and the shippers,” stated Scooter Sayers, director of business development (LTL Solutions) at Cubiscan, a company specializing in freight dimensioning technology, during an interview.

Key Changes in Freight Classification

The revised classification system will continue to assess freight based on four key factors: density, handling, stowability, and liability. However, density will now take precedence when there are no unique considerations regarding the other three factors.

Under the new regulations, the number of subprovisions related to density has increased from 11 to 13. Subprovision 11 has been revised to accommodate densities between 30 and less than 35 pounds per cubic foot (assigned class 60). Subprovision 12 encompasses densities from 35 to less than 50 pounds per cubic foot (class 55), while Subprovision 13 pertains to densities exceeding 50 pounds per cubic foot (class 50).

“Programs that categorize freight as 'freight-all-kinds' limit overall effectiveness, so anticipate LTL carriers to advocate more vigorously for the elimination of FAK programs. Shippers wishing to retain their FAK program will incur additional costs,” Sayers added.

Scope and Impact of the Revisions

These updates are considerable, with approximately 2,000 items being removed from a review list of 5,000. According to Sayers, the modifications introduced on July 19 to categorize 2,000 NMFC items into a 13-sub table based on density are merely the initial phase. He emphasized that nearly all commodities will eventually have their classification influenced, at least in part, by density, which remains the primary cost driver for carriers.

The objective of this overhaul is to enhance the user experience within the classification system, minimize expensive freight reclassifications, and deliver more precise freight rates from the outset. This transition aligns pricing with the main cost determinants for LTL carriers: distance, time, and space.

Shippers stand to gain considerable advantages from these changes, including a streamlined classification process, improved billing predictability, and increased cost efficiency. However, to fully benefit from these enhancements, shippers must be proactive in adapting.

Preparing for the New System

For several months, experts have been urging shippers to review their commodity classifications and ensure they are accurately tracking dimensions, weight, and density. It will be increasingly important to optimize packaging to reduce wasted space since excess volume can lead to higher classifications and elevated costs.

Additionally, the organization has upgraded ClassIT+, an online resource designed to assist shippers, carriers, and 3PLs in accurately identifying freight. The enhancements feature broader APIs, an upgraded search capability, and quicker response times.

Further updates to the NMFC are anticipated in the forthcoming months and years. Sayers noted that shippers who adopt digital tools for capturing dimensions, weight, and images at the handling unit level will have a competitive edge in the evolving landscape.

Long-Term Expectations for Shippers and Carriers

According to Sayers, when carriers must choose between shippers who provide accurate dimensional and weight data versus those who do not, the preference will be clear. Accuracy and transparency will become central factors in strengthening relationships between shippers and carriers.

Moreover, LTL carriers are expected to increasingly reward shippers who provide reliable information on the Bill of Lading (BOL). This trend reinforces the importance of collaboration and data-driven practices across the supply chain.

Conclusion: Moving Toward a Density-Focused Future

The NMFTA’s overhaul of the LTL classification system marks a significant shift toward a density-focused approach that better aligns with cost realities. While these updates may initially create adjustments for shippers, they ultimately promise clearer pricing, fewer disputes, and greater efficiency across the sector.

Shippers who proactively adapt—through accurate data reporting, optimized packaging, and the use of digital tools—will not only comply with the new framework but also gain a competitive edge. The message is clear: in the future of freight classification, accuracy, and efficiency will reward those prepared to embrace change.

Stay Prepared in a Changing Freight Landscape

The recent overhaul of the NMFC system shows how quickly the freight industry can shift, and staying ahead requires accurate information and proactive adaptation. Shippers and carriers who understand these changes will be best positioned to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and stay compliant with evolving standards.

At Labworks USA, we are committed to helping trucking professionals navigate industry shifts while also ensuring full compliance with DOT regulations. If you need expert guidance on drug and alcohol testing, random DOT compliance, or FMCSA Clearinghouse registration, our friendly DOT Consortium team is ready to assist. By staying compliant and informed, you can focus on optimizing your operations in this new density-driven freight environment.

Tags: freight classification, freight class, Freight classes, National Motor Freight Classification, National Motor Freight Traffic Association, density scale, shipping costs, classification system, special handling, LTL freight, shipment density, transportation management system, commodity listings, freight class system, LTL classification, NMFC system, freight dimensioning technology, freight dimensioners, freight dimensioning, item number, classification discrepancies, density-based classification, full density, supply chain, ClassIT Tool, reclassification fees, Freight Classification Development Council, classification logic, freight classification system, shipping freight, freight class calculator, 3-D perception technology, NMFC Code, handling flags, shipment characteristics, density-focused classification model, density-based approach, density-driven model, modified density, sub density scale, freight density calculator, classification accuracy, hazardous materials, fragile items, high-value shipments, logistics specialists, logistics service providers, shipping strategy, accessorial selections, small parcel deliveries, Freight All Kinds, Fak programs, Freight of All Kinds, stock keeping units, legacy TMS platforms, Warehouse Management System, Enterprise Resource Planning, automated workflows, guided workflow, Vaux Vision, Major updates, costly reclassifications, Docket 2025-2, Worldwide Express, third-party logistics, data providers, Christopher Adkins, classification rules, LTL Freight Class Codes, classification adjustments, J.B. Hunt